Let’s move to the functional results.

The study confirms that if we close the hole, vision improves. However more interesting is to notice that bcva keeps improving with time. In fact the average improvement at 3 months is 2 logmar lines and it is 3.5 lines after one year with half of the patients gaining 3 or more lines.

This graph display the visual change in time and confirms the continuous improvement.

Multivariate analysis was run to study the predictors of visions. The analysis was conducted first on all yes and than on all yes except the ones with successive cataract surgery. But the predictors were confirmed in both groups.

The predictors are the following in decreasing order of importance but as you see from the p value the are all very significant.

To obtain a good visual acuity we need to close the hole (and not just flatten the hole). In the graph you see that vision improves much more if the hole is closed than if the hole remains open. Vision somehow improves also in eyes that are classified as open: in this groups there is the effect of hole re operation.

This graph shows us that visual gain is higher if you start from a low visual acuity. This is true at 3 months, at 6 months and 12 months. Visual gain is obviously less if we start with a better visual acuity. However there is always a gain.

Stage is important even for vision: if we operate late stages there is a visual gain, but the final vision is more favorable.

25% of the eyes underwent combined phaco surgery and the graph says that the combined group reached a higher final visual acuity. We don’t know how many eyes had cataract because we did not collect this data that could justify this result but it must be due to the cataract in fact.

If we look at the average change in visual acuity based on lens status it looks the same. In this graph Ph indicates only phakic eyes that did not underwent cataract surgery afterwards.

This graph shows the change in vision based on chronicity of the hole and you can see once again that if we operate early we obtain a better results also in terms of visual acuity.